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Allergy diagnostics (4)
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Antigen detection (10)
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Autoimmune diagnostics (5)
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Anti-CCD absorbent
Clinical
Anti-CCD absorbent is an additional reagent designed for the incubation with blot-based allergy profiles. The absorbent eliminates anti-CCD IgE antibodies from patient serum, which increases the specificity of test results if these antibodies are present in the sample.
Anti-CCD IgE antibodies are directed against sugar structures of proteins and can be detected in around 25 % of allergy patients as well as in non-allergic individuals. They generally have no clinical relevance.
In extract-based in vitro allergy diagnostics, these antibodies complicate the interpretation of positive results because the following cases cannot be differentiated:
- positive reaction caused by IgE antibodies against peptide epitopes
- positive reaction caused by anti-CCD IgE antibodies
- positive reaction caused by a combination of the two antibody types
Differentiation between the described reactions is possible if the absorbent is used and the anti-CCD IgE antibodies are eliminated.
The anti-CCD absorbent is useful if the patient sample demonstrably contains IgE antibodies against CCD structures. This is indicated by a positive CCD band on the incubated allergy profile. In this case, the serum should be retested using the anti-CCD absorbent.
Diagnostics
The patient sample is incubated with anti-CCD absorbent for 60 minutes at room temperature according to the instruction provided with the reagent. The sample can then be used directly in the incubation with the respective allergy profile.
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Atopy
Clinical information
The term atopy describes the innate tendency to allergic hypersensitivity reactions which may present with different clinical images. The allergens responsible for the reaction enter the body either through the air and the mucous membranes (in the case of inhalation allergies), or through food ingestion (in the case of food allergies).
Diagnostics
For clarification of multiple sensitisations, EUROIMMUN offers different atopy profiles (EUROLINE). These permit the simultaneous in vitro determination of different human IgE antibodies against the most frequent inhalation and food allergens in serum or plasma. Moreover, country-specific profiles are available which take into account the characteristics of the regional allergen exposure.
In addition, the total IgE concentration can be determined using the Total IgE ELISA.
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EldonCards – blood grouping
Why knowing your blood type matters The importance of blood types and the convenience of the EldonCard™
Knowing your blood type can help you understand your health better; it is also needed for blood donations and important for safe pregnancies. Most critically, it could save your life if you need an emergency blood transfusion. You can learn your blood type in just a couple of minutes using the EldonCard™
Understanding Blood Types
All blood consists of plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets. Your blood type is inherited from your parents and determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens and antibodies. The antigens are protein markers present on the surface of red blood cells, while antibodies are produced in the plasma or liquid portion of the blood. The type of antigen you have tells us what your blood type is.
Depending on the antigen on the red blood cells the blood type is classified by two elements: The ABO grouping system and the Rhesus (Rh) factor which is either present (Rh positive) or not present (Rh-negative). For example, if you have A antigens on your red blood cells, your blood type is A. If someone has both A and B antigens, they are type AB. If you do not have any antigens on the surface of red blood cells, your blood type is O. For each antigen on the blood cell, the opposite antibody is produced in the plasma. For example, type B blood has anti-type A antibodies.
Receiving blood that’s incompatible with one’s own blood type may trigger a serious immune response that can be fatal. While there are more than 20 blood-type systems, ABO and Rh are by far the most important.
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Food
Clinical information
Food allergens enter the body via the gastrointestinal tract. Within a short time after consumption, the IgE-mediated immune reaction may lead to symptoms such as burning or itching in the mouth, nausea, intestinal and stomach cramps, diarrhoea or skin redness. Severe reactions are associated with bouts of asthma, dyspnoea and increased pulse. In rare cases they lead to an anaphylactic shock. The foods which most frequently trigger allergic reactions include nuts, peanuts, soy, wheat, fish, milk and eggs. With a prevalence of 5 to 10%, primary allergic sensitisations to foods play an important role particularly in babies and infants. Food allergies in adults occur with a prevalence of 1 to 5%
Diagnostics
For clarification of sensitisations to food allergens, EUROMMUN offers differs food profiles (EUROLINE). These permit the in vitro determination of human IgE antibodies against the most frequent food allergens in serum or in plasma. Moreover, country-specific food allergy profiles are available which have been developed with regard to the regional eating habits.
In addition, the total IgE concentration can be determined using the Total IgE ELISA.
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Inhalation
Clinical information
With the inhalation allergies, the allergens enter the body via the air the mucous membranes and lead to measurable IgE concentration. Seasonal allergen source (pollen from trees, grasses and herbs) play a role, as do also indoor allergens (house dust mites, domestic animals and mould spores) which occur the whole year round. The symptoms usually occur shortly after contact with the allergen. This is referred to as immediate type reaction and affects more than 15% of the population in the industrialised countries. Typical allergic reactions are rhinitis, conjunctivitis and allergic asthma. In rare cases, systemic allergic reactions may occur which are associated with severe, sometimes life-threatening symptoms (anaphylactic shock).
Diagnostics
For clarification of sensitisation to inhalation allergens, EUROIMMUN offers different inhalation profiles (EUROLINE). These permit the in vitro determination of human IgE antibodies against the most frequent inhalation allergens in serum or plasma. Moreover, country-specific inhalation profiles are available which vary in their allergen composition and are optimised with regard to the regional conditions.
Moreover, the Total IgE ELISA can determine the total IgE concentration, allowing differentiation between allergic and intrinsic asthma, between rhinitis allergica and vasomotorica and between atopical and seborrhoic dermatitis.
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